RESUMO
The alterations to the hydrologic regime downstream from hydroelectric dams may cause an impact on the reproductive success of fishes. This study aimed to analyse the influence of the physical and chemical parameters of the water of the Grande and Pardo Rivers on gonadal maturation, oocyte diameter, follicular atresia and biological indices of Pimelodus maculatus collected from three river sections: Grande River, downstream from the Porto Colômbia dam (S1), Grande River, downstream from the confluence with the Pardo River (S2) and in the Pardo River channel (S3). Males and females captured in S1 presented significantly higher average values for total length and body weight than those captured in S2 and S3. The gonadosomatic index values were significantly higher in fish collected in S3 and the Fulton condition factor did not show significant differences in fish collected from the three sections. The oocyte diameter, the follicular cells height and the zona pellucida thickness did not show any statistical differences between the sections. Conductivity presented a significant difference between S1 and S3 and during the reproductive period, water transparency presented similar values in the two sampling sections of the Grande River, but a much lower value in the Pardo River. A low frequency of fish with reproductive activity was registered in S1, whereas in S2 and S3 higher frequencies were recorded, emphasising the need of preserving the tributaries for the reproductive success of P. maculatus of the Grande River in south-eastern Brazil.
A jusante das barragens hidrelétricas ocorrem alterações no regime hidrológico que podem causar impactos sobre o processo reprodutivo dos peixes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência de parâmetros físico-químicos da água do rio Grande e rio Pardo sobre a maturação gonadal, diâmetro ovocitário, atresia folicular e índices biológicos de Pimelodus maculatus coletados em três trechos: a jusante do reservatório de Porto Colômbia (P1), a jusante da confluência do rio Grande com rio Pardo (P2) e na calha do rio Pardo, a aproximadamente 100 km de P2 (P3). Machos e fêmeas capturados no ponto 1 apresentaram valores médios de comprimento total e peso corporal significativamente maiores do que aqueles capturados nos pontos 2 e 3. Os valores de IGS foram significativamente maiores nos peixes coletados no ponto 3 e o fator de condição de Fulton não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os peixes coletados nos três pontos. O diâmetro ovocitário, a altura das células foliculares e a espessura da zona pelúcida dos ovócitos vitelogênicos não mostraram diferenças estatísticas entre os pontos. A condutividade apresentou diferença significativa entre os pontos 1 e 3 e a transparência da água durante o período reprodutivo apresentou valores próximos nos dois pontos amostrais do rio Grande, e valor bem menor no ponto amostral do rio Pardo. Em P1 registrou-se baixa frequência de peixes em atividade reprodutiva, e em P2 e P3 maiores frequências de peixes reproduzindo. Os resultados encontrados enfatizam a necessidade de conservação de tributários para o sucesso reprodutivo de P. maculatus, do rio Grande no sudeste do Brasil.
Assuntos
Animais , Centrais Hidrelétricas/métodos , Lagos Artificiais , Oócitos , Peixes/classificação , RiosRESUMO
This study investigated for the first time the reproductive biology of Prochilodus lineatus in a system of rivers in southeastern Brasil, relating it to the role of tributary rivers in the reproductive success of this important commercial fish in the Upper Paraná River basin, where a cascade of hydroelectric dams were deployed. Specimens were caught bimonthly in three river sites: (S1) Grande River, downstream from the Porto Colômbia dam; (S2) Pardo River; and (S3) Mogi Guaçu River. Sex steroid plasma levels, fecundity, follicular atresia, oocyte diameter and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were compared among sites. In S1, fish exhibited changes in the reproductive parameters: lower GSI, oocyte diameter and fecundity and higher follicular atresia index, when compared to S2 and S3. Frequency of maturing fish was higher in S3 and spawning was only registered in S3. In sites S2 and S3, plasma concentrations of testosterone and 17ß-estradiol in females and testosterone in males showed wide variations following gonadal maturation. Fish from S1 showed few significant variations in sex steroid concentrations throughout the gonadal cycle. These results indicate that P. lineatus does not reproduce in Grande River (S1), but probably uses the Pardo River (S2) as a migratory route towards the Mogi Guaçu River (S3) where they complete gonadal maturation and spawning. Our findings contribute for understanding the reproductive biology of P. lineatus and to highlight the importance of tributaries in impounded rivers as a favourable environment for migration and spawning of fish.
